What complication can arise from fluid overload during IV therapy?

Fluid overload during IV therapy can lead to pulmonary edema, which is an accumulation of fluid in the lungs. This condition occurs when the body's fluid balance is disrupted, often due to excessive intravenous fluid administration. When the heart cannot manage the increased volume effectively, it can cause increased pressure in the pulmonary circulation, prompting fluid to leak into the alveoli, the tiny air sacs in the lungs. This results in impaired gas exchange and can cause symptoms such as shortness of breath, crackling sounds in the lungs, and decreased oxygen saturation levels.

Understanding pulmonary edema is essential for healthcare providers, as it highlights the importance of monitoring fluid intake and output, especially in patients who may be at higher risk for fluid overload, such as those with heart failure or kidney dysfunction. Early recognition and intervention are critical in managing this complication effectively.