What is the risk associated with using the foot as an IV site in adults?

Using the foot as an IV site in adults is associated with the risk of thrombophlebitis for several reasons. The foot and the surrounding area often have smaller veins compared to other locations such as the forearm or the hand, which makes these veins more susceptible to irritation and inflammation from the IV catheter. In addition, the nature of movement in the lower extremities can lead to turbulence and friction at the site, further increasing the likelihood of vein irritation.

Thrombophlebitis is characterized by inflammation of the vein (phlebitis) combined with the formation of a blood clot (thrombosis), which can lead to complications if not addressed promptly. When using the foot as an IV site, healthcare providers must monitor for signs of thrombophlebitis, such as redness, swelling, and pain at the insertion site.

While other risks such as infection, air embolism, and fluid overload exist in IV therapy, the specific anatomy and usage characteristics of veins in the foot predominantly elevate the risk of thrombophlebitis. It is essential for practitioners to weigh these risks against the benefits when choosing IV sites for adult patients.