Which of the following is a sign of infection at the IV site?

Heat and redness are key indicators of infection at the IV site. When an infection occurs, the body's inflammatory response often results in increased blood flow to the affected area, which can manifest as localized warmth. Additionally, the redness is caused by the dilation of blood vessels, leading to an influx of immune cells to combat the infection. These symptoms, along with possible pain and swelling, are essential signs that healthcare providers look for to identify potential complications associated with IV therapy.

In contrast, while edema may indicate fluid retention or a different type of complication, it is not specific to infection. Clear swelling might point to other issues, like fluid overload or a reaction to the IV solution, rather than infection. Coolness to touch can indicate poor circulation or peripheral vascular issues, which is also not directly associated with an infection at the IV site. Understanding these signs aids in timely intervention, ensuring patient safety and effective care during IV therapy.